Fabert, Abraham

1599-1662. A soldier and administrator admired by Richelieu and Mazarin. He became a Marshal in 1650, but nevertheless refused the blue ribbon of the Order of the Holy Spirit that the young Louis XIV wished to confer on him in 1661.

BkXXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Fabre d’Églantine, Philippe-François Nazaire

1755-1794. A French dramatist and revolutionist, his chief work, Le Philinte de Molière (1790), was a sequel to Molière’s Le Misanthrope. A member of the Convention, he was selected to devise the names for the months and days of the French Revolutionary calendar. He was guillotined during the Terror.

BkIX:Chap4:Sec1 One of Danton’s ‘Furies’.

BkIX:Chap4:Sec2 His fate.

 

Fabry, Jean-Baptiste-Germain

1780-1821. He was a writer of Napoleonic history amongst other works.

BkXIX:Chap9:Sec1 His Biographies of Living Men, and Les Missionaires de 93 (1819).

BkXXII:Chap 20:Sec3 His pamphlet Itinéraire de Buonaparte, 1814.

 

Fabvier, Charles-Nicolas, Baron

1782-1855. A Napoleonic colonel, he was wounded at Salamanca, Borodino and beneath the walls of Paris. He was Marmont’s aide-de-camp in Russia, and accompanied him in 1817 to pacify Lyons. He fought for Greek independence between 1823 and 1826, and in the Morea in 1828, and in 1830 took part in the July Revolution, being nominated the Commander of Paris and a Peer of France. He was later ambassador to Constantinople and Denmark.

BkXXI:Chap4:Sec3 In Russia in 1812.

BkXXII:Chap12:Sec1 He signed the surrender of Paris in 1814.

BkXXVIII:Chap9:Sec1 A member of the Greek committee in 1825.

 

Faenza, Italy

An old Italian town, situated 50 km southeast of Bologna. Faenza is noted for its manufacture of majolica ware, known from the name of the town as ‘faience’.

BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec2 Chateaubriand was there in October 1828.

 

Fain, Agathon Jean-François, Baron

1778-1837. Under the French Consulate he entered the office of the secretary of state, in the department of the archives. In 1806 he was appointed secretary and archivist to the cabinet particulier of the emperor, whom he attended on his campaigns and journeys. He was created a baron of the empire in 1809, and, on the fall of Napoleon, was first secretary of the cabinet and confidential secretary. Among a number of histories, noted for their accuracy and knowledge, he wrote Manuscrit de l’an 1812 (1827).

BkXXI:Chap2:Sec1 BkXXI:Chap4:Sec3 BkXXI:Chap5:Sec1 His history of 1812.

 

Falconieri, Princess

She was a member of the nobility of Rome in 1828.

BkXXIX:Chap8:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Falernian, wine

Roman Falernian was made from the Aminean grape in the Campania Felix (blessed country) region of Italy. The vineyards occupied the hillsides of Mt. Falernus south of the city of Naples.

BkXXXVIII:Chap10:Sec1 The wine mentioned.

 

Falkland, Lucius Carey, Viscount

1610-1643. He was Secretary of State to Charles I, and died at the First Battle of Newbury, where the Royalists marginally won a tactical victory.

BkIX:Chap11:Sec1 His realism about the outcome. He sacrificed his parliamentary convictions to the Royalist cause.

BkXXX:Chap11:Sec2 BkXXXV:Chap19:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Fall, John

A pseudonym used by Armand de Chateaubriand.

BkXVIII:Chap7:Sec2 Mentioned.

 

Fano, Italy

A town and comune of the province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Marche region of Italy. It is a coastal resort 12 km southeast of Pesaro, located where the Via Flaminia reaches the Adriatic Sea.

BkXXIX:Chap2:Sec3 Chateaubriand there in 1828.

 

Farcy de Montvallon, Annibal-Pierre-François

Born 1749. Brother-in-law of Chateaubriand. Captain in the Condé Regiment. Married Julie-Marie-Agathe de Chateaubriand 22nd April 1782, separated 1792.

BkII:Chap7:Sec5 His marriage to Julie.

 

Farcy de Montvallon, Julie-Marie-Agathe de Chateabriand, Comtesse de

1763-1799 Born 2nd September 1763, she was the wife of Annibal. Sister of Chateaubriand, she married in 1782, and separated in 1792. She was imprisoned 1793-4, and died 25th July 1799.

BkI:Chap1:Sec8 Mentioned as having a true poetic gift.

BkI:Chap2:Sec1 Her birth.

BkII:Chap7:Sec5 Her marriage on the 22nd April 1782 at Combourg.

BkII:Chap8:Sec1 Her only daughter Zoé married in 1814.

BkIII:Chap14:Sec3 Chateaubriand refers to her having died.

BkIV:Chap2:Sec2 BkIV:Chap3:Sec1 A description of her when Chateaubriand saw her in Paris in 1786.

BkIV:Chap7:Sec1 BkIV:Chap9:Sec4 Chateaubriand stayed with her.

BkIV:Chap10:Sec1 Her dislike of the provincial life.

BkIV:Chap10:Sec3 Her return to Paris perhaps early in 1788.

BkIV:Chap11:Sec1 She was acquainted with Delisle de Sales.

BkV:Chap7:Sec1 She wished to return to Paris in 1789 following a trip to Brittany.

BkV:Chap8:Sec1 Arrived in Paris with Chateaubriand on 30th June 1789.

BkIX:Chap2:Sec1 Travelled to Paris with Chateaubriand in mid-1792.

BkX:Chap8:Sec1 BkX:Chap8:Sec2 BkXXXV:Chap6:Sec1 Arrested at Fougères, with Celeste and Lucile, in mid-October 1793. Imprisoned in the town and then transferred to the Convent du Bon-Pasteur at Rennes. Released 5th November 1794.

BkXI:Chap2:Sec4 Her life written by the Abbé Carron.

BkXI:Chap4:Sec1 Julie wrote to London in July and September 1798.

BkXII:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned, as having died during Chateaubriand’s exile in England.

BkXIII:Chap8:Sec1 Her death deeply affected Lucile.

BkXIV:Chap3:Sec1 Admired by Flins and Laharpe.

BkXVII:Chap6:Sec1 Lucile’s fears for her death.

BkXXX:Chap14:Sec1 Her good works.

 

Farcy, Jean-Georges

1800-1830. A poet and philosopher he was killed in the July Revolution. His friends published a collection of his verse and philosophic work in 1831.

BkXXXII:Chap5:Sec1 He was killed at the corner of the Rue de Rohan and the Rue de Montpensier.

 

Faria, Joseph, Abbé

1755-1819. A magnetist whose name Dumas borrowed for use in The Count of Monte Christo.

BkXIV:Chap1:Sec2 His experiment with magnetism.

 

Fates, The

Also known in Greek mythology as the Moirai, and the Parcae, the three Fates were born of Erebus and Night. Clothed in white, they spin, measure out, and sever the thread of each human life. Clotho spins the thread. Lachesis measures it. Atropos wields the shears.

BkXXIX:Chap1:Sec5 Lachesis may play all three roles.

 

Fauche-Borel, Louis

1762-1829. A printer at Neuchâtel, he was a Bourbon agent during the Revolution, and until 1814. He lived in poverty after returning to his native town, and committed suicide.

BkXXVIII:Chap4:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Faure

He was a member of the Committee for the Medal-Winners of July.

BkXXXV:Chap1:Sec1 Mentioned in April 1832.

 

Fauriel, Charles-Claude

1772-1844. Historian, linguist and critic, it was he who made the merits of Ossian and Shakespeare known to the French public and spread in France the knowledge of German literature, which had been previously looked upon as unimportant. He was one of the first to investigate Romance literature. He also gathered the remnants of the ancient Basque and Celtic languages.

BkXIV:Chap2:Sec5 Having been named assistant curator of manuscripts for the Royal Library he published a historical poem in Provencal verse (1837: with a translation and introduction), dealing with the crusade against the Albigenses.

 

Favorinus

c80-150. A sophist and philosopher, he flourished during the reign of Hadrian. A Gaul by birth, a native of Arles, he travelled widely, became eminent, and knew both Plutarch and Aulus Gellius.

BkXLII:Chap6:Sec1 The Twelve Tables were written by the Decemviri Consulari Imperio Legibus Scribundis,(the 10 Consuls) who were given unprecedented powers to draft the laws of the early Roman Republic.

 

Favras, Thomas de Mahy, Marquis de

1744-1790. A French royalist, who after the outbreak of the French Revolution, plotted (1789) with the Comte de La Châtre to steal Louis XVI away to Metz and to proclaim the Comte de Provence (later Louis XVIII) regent. The plan allegedly also called for the assassination of Jean Bailly, mayor of Paris, and the Marquis de Lafayette, commander of the National Guard. Denounced by some of his agents, Favras was arrested, but he divulged none of the details of the plot. He was indicted despite lack of incriminating evidence. Arrested on the 25th December 1789, he was hanged on the 19th February 1790.

BkV:Chap11:Sec1 Proceedings against him initiated in late 1789.

BkV:Chap14:Sec1 His hanging mentioned.

BkXXXVI:Chap1:Sec1 His sister mentioned.

 

Fayal

It is one of the Azores Islands.

BkVI:Chap4:Sec1 Noted for its wine.

 

Fayel, Dame de

The subject of a thirteenth century Romance ‘Le Roman du Châtelain de Coucilet et la Dame de Fayel’ which relates the story of Raoul de Couci who had been given by his lover, La Dame de Fayel, braids of her hair as a symbol of her devotion. When he left on the Third Crusade, he carried them with him in a jewelled box. In the heat of the fight he was struck by a poisoned arrow and so instructed a servant to cut out his heart, to put it in the box with the braids and to take it back to his lover with a letter, explaining that his heart belonged to her. The lady’s husband caught the servant and, upon discovering the heart, had it made into a meal for his wife. When she realized that she has eaten her lover’s heart, she refused any food and died soon afterward.  

BkXIX:Chap16:Sec2 Mentioned.

 

Fayolle, André de

Principal of the Jesuit College at Rennes in 1781.

BkII:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Feltre, Duc de, Henri-Jacques Guillaume Clarke, Comte de Hunebourg, Marshal of France

1765-1818. A politician of Irish descent, he entered the French army in 1782. He served in the early French Revolutionary Wars in the Army of the Rhine and by 1793 had been promoted to general de brigade. In 1795 Clarke was briefly arrested. After his release, Clarke lived in the Elzas until Lazare Carnot sent him to Italy to serve as Bonaparte’s Chief topographical officer. After 18 Brumaire, he served as Chief of the Topographical Bureau, State Councillor, and state secretary for the army and navy. In 1805, he was appointed governor of Vienna, during the war against Prussia in 1806 he served as governor of Erfurt and of Berlin. In 1807, Napoléon appointed him Minister of War. His role in thwarting the British invasion of Walcheren in 1809 lead to the emperor creating him Duc de Feltre. He served as Minister of War until the end of Napoléon’s reign. When the allies neared Paris, Clarke mounted an ineffectual defense of the capital. After Napoléon’s abdication he was replaced as minister of war but Louis XVIII made him a Peer of France. When Napoléon landed in Southern France in March 1815, Clarke was again made Minister of War and served until the Bourbon government fled. Clarke followed the King to Ghent. After Napoléon's second abdication, Clarke was made Minister of War once more and served in that capacity until 1817 when Gouvion Saint-Cyr took over. He was then given command of the 15th Military Division.

BkXXIII:Chap1:Sec1 Took over from Soult in March 1815.

 

Fénelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe

1651-1715 Archbishop of Cambrai (from 1695): as director from 1678 of an institution for Roman Catholic converts he wrote Traité de l’éducation des filles (1687) criticizing the coercive conversion of Huguenots. As tutor to the Duke of Burgundy, grandson of Louis, he wrote his famous Aventures de Télémaque (1699) for his instruction, which alienated the king while his Explication des maxims des saints (1697) containing a defence of Quietism was condemned by the Pope.

BkI:Chap1:Sec11 Read by Chateaubriand’s mother.

BkIV:Chap4:Sec1 Chateaubriand read Télémaque by his tomb in 1786.

BkXI:Chap3:Sec1 BkXXIII:Chap20:Sec1 Mentioned. He retired to Cambrai.

BkXVII:Chap6:Sec1 Lucile quotes him.

BkXVIII:Chap3Sec5 A letter perhaps addressed to Bossuet of 1686.

BkXVIII:Chap8:Sec1 Bausset’s Histoire de Fénelon of 1808.

BkXXVI:Chap3:Sec1 Quoted.

BkXLII:Chap10:Sec1 Dubois took his chair at the Academy.

 

Féraud, Jean

d. 1795. He was a Deputy to the Convention.

BkXIX:Chap10:Sec1 His assassination.

 

Ferdinand VII de Bourbon, King of Spain

1784-1833 King of Spain 1808 and 1813-1833. Excluded from a role in the government, he became the centre of intrigues against the chief minister Godoy and attempted to win the support of Napoleon I. In 1807 he was arrested by his father, Charles IV, accused of plotting his overthrow and the murder of his mother and Godoy. The prestige of the family was shaken, and this facilitated Napoleon’s invasion of Spain. A palace revolution at Aranjuez (March, 1808) caused the dismissal of Godoy and the abdication of Charles in favour of Ferdinand, who was enthusiastically acclaimed by the people. Ferdinand was soon persuaded to cross the French border and meet Napoleon at Bayonne. There he was forced to renounce his throne in favour of Charles IV, who in turn resigned his rights to Napoleon. The emperor gave the Spanish throne to Joseph Bonaparte. During the Peninsular War (1808–14) Ferdinand was imprisoned in France. When Ferdinand was restored (1814) to his throne, he promptly abolished the liberal constitution. After several unsuccessful uprisings, the Spanish liberals (who had organized in secret societies, e.g., the Carbonari) staged a successful revolution in 1820 and forced the king to reinstate the constitution of 1812. The Holy Alliance became alarmed, and the Congress of Troppau was summoned to deal with the Spanish situation.

BkXVIII:Chap3Sec1 BkXXVIII:Chap1:Sec1 In 1822 he was captured by armed revolutionaries opposed to absolutism. The international powers at the Congress of Verona (October 1822), authorized France to intervene in the conflict and restore Ferdinand to his throne, despite Britain’s objection. In April 1823, French forces led by Louis Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Angoulême (1775-1844), crossed the Pyrenees into Spain. When Cadiz fell to the French in September 1823, Ferdinand was handed over to them and restored to the throne. Renouncing his prior promise of amnesty for the revolutionaries, the king ordered ruthless measures of reprisal against them while French troops stood by helplessly. Chateaubriand had been made Foreign Minister on the 28th December 1822.

BkXXII:Chap6:Sec1 Reinstated in 1814 after his imprisonment at Valençay.

BkXXIII:Chap7:Sec1 Ferdinand conferred the Order of the Golden Fleece on Chateaubriand on the 4th December 1823, and the insignia were given to him by Monsieur at the Tuileries on the 8th of April 1824.

BkXXIV:Chap4:Sec1 His dethronement by Bonaparte.

BkXXVI:Chap7:Sec1 A military uprising had broken out in Cadiz on 1st January 1820. The King was obliged to re-establish in March 1820 the constitution voted for by the Cortès in 1812.

BkXXVII:Chap7:Sec1 BkXXIX:Chap13:Sec2 Despised by the English government.

BkXXXI:Chap2:Sec1 He married Marie-Christine de Bourbon-Sicile (1806-1878) on the 22nd of December 1829.

BkXLI:Chap6:Sec1 The Dauphin helped return him to his throne.

 

Ferdinand IV of Naples (Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies).

1751-1825. King of Naples 1759-1806. King of the Two Sicilies 1816-1825.

BkXXXIX:Chap3:Sec1 He died in 1825.

 

Ferdinand II, King of the Two Sicilies

1810-1859. The son of Ferdinand I and brother of the Duchess de Berry. King of the Two Sicilies 1830-1859.

BkXXXVI:Chap2:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Ferdinand VII of Hapsburg, Grand-Duke of Tuscany

1769-1824. He was ousted from the Duchy of Tuscany by the French in 1796, receiving in exchange the Ecclesiastical Principality of Würzburg, secularised by the Treaty of Pressburg. He reigned from 1805 to 1814, when he recovered Tuscany, while Würzburg reverted to Bavaria.

BkXXXVIII:Chap7:Sec1 Mentioned.

BkXXXIX:Chap3:Sec1 He died in 1824

 

Ferdinand, Prince, see Louis-Ferdinand

 

Ferney

Voltaire bought the estate of Ferney on the border of Gex in 1759. He reigned there until 1778, when he returned to Paris to die.

BkXXXIV:Chap7:Sec1 BkXXXVIII:Chap6:Sec1 Mentioned.

 

Ferrand, Antoine-François-Claude, Comte

1751-1825. A French statesman and political writer he became a member of the parlement of Paris at eighteen. He left France with the first party of emigrants, and attached himself to the Prince of Condé; late he was a member of the council of regency formed by the Comte de Provence after the death of Louis XVI. He lived at Regensburg until 1801, when he returned to France. In 1814 Ferrand was made minister of state and postmaster-general. He countersigned the act of sequestration of Napoleon’s property, and introduced a bill for the restoration of the property of the emigrants establishing a distinction, since become famous, between royalists of la ligne droite and those of la ligne courbe. At the second restoration Ferrand was again for a short time postmaster general. He was also made a peer of France, and a member of the privy council. He continued his active support for ultra-royalist views until his death.

BkXXII:Chap 26:Sec1 Lavalette is claimed to have used Ferrand’s illness in 1815 to use the post for correspondence regarding the escape from Elba.

 

Ferrara, Italy

A town in north-east Italy, in Emilia-Romagna, it was the ancient seat of the Este family. The university dates from 1391. Savanarola the religious reformer was born there.

BkXL:Chap1:Sec1 The Duchesse de Berry meets Chateaubriand there in 1833. Rovigo is between the Adige and the River Po, 40 kilometres south-west of Padua. The Lagoscuro Bridge over the Po is about four miles from Ferrara. Chateaubriand crossed by ferry.

 

Ferron de la Sigonière, Francois-Prudent Malo

1768-1815 A classmate of Chateaubriand at Dinan, he was a comrade-in-arms in the Army of Princes.

BkIX:Chap14:Sec1 Chateaubriand meets him again in 1792.

BkIX:Chap16:Sec1 With Chateaubriand after their retreat from Verdun.

 

Feryd-Eddin, Farid ud-Din Attar

c1142-c1220. One of the greatest Sufi mystic poets of Islam, his masterpiece is the Mantiq ut-Tair (The Conference of the Birds), a long allegory of the soul's search for divine truth. His numerous other works include Tadkhirat al-Awliya, (Biographies of the Saints) which contains biographies of many Sufi mystics.

BkVIII:Chap7:Sec1 Chateaubriand quotes from the Conference of the Birds, translated by Silvestre de Sacy in 1819.

 

Fesch, Cardinal Joseph

1763-1839. Born in Corsica, he was half-brother to Letizia Ramolino, Napoleon’s mother, hence uncle of Napoleon. He helped to negotiate the 1801-2 Concordat. Archbishop of Lyons, created Cardinal in 1803, and appointed Ambassador to Rome in April 1803. He persuaded Pius VII to crown Napoleon in Paris. His later expressions of Loyalty to the Pope caused Napoleon’s displeasure. He lived in Rome under the Restoration and July Monarchy, and died there.

BkXIV:Chap5:Sec1 Chateaubriand served under him as First Secretary to the Rome Embassy. 

BkXIV:Chap8:Sec1 BkXXIX:Chap6:Sec1 He took the Lancelotti Palace in Rome